Advancing open-source visual analytics in digital pathology: A systematic review of tools, trends, and clinical applications.

Journal: Journal of pathology informatics
Published Date: May 23, 2025

Abstract

Histopathology is critical for disease diagnosis, and digital pathology has transformed traditional workflows by digitizing slides, enabling remote consultations, and enhancing analysis through computational methods. In this systematic review, we evaluated open-source visual analytics abilities in digital pathology by screening 254 studies and including 52 that met predefined criteria. Our analysis reveals that these solutions-comprising abilities ( = 29), software ( = 13), and frameworks ( = 10)-are predominantly applied in cancer research (e.g., breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancers) and primarily utilize whole slide images. Key contributions include advanced image analysis capabilities (as demonstrated by platforms such as QuPath and CellProfiler) and the integration of machine learning for diagnostic support, treatment planning, automated tissue segmentation, and collaborative research. Despite these promising advancements, challenges such as high computational demands, limited external validation, and difficulties integrating into clinical workflows remain. Future research should focus on establishing standardized validation frameworks, aligning with regulatory requirements, and enhancing user-centric designs to promote robust, interoperable solutions for clinical adoption.

Authors

  • Zahoor Ahmad
    Clinical Microbiology and PK/PD Division, Clinical Microbiology PK/PD/Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, India-190005. Email: zahoorap@iiim.ac.in; ; Tel: +91 194 2431253/55; Tel: +91 9906593222.
  • Mahmood Alzubaidi
    College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
  • Khaled Al-Thelaya
    Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
  • Corrado Calí
    Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
  • Sabri Boughorbel
    Machine Learning Group, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
  • Jens Schneider
    Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
  • Marco Agus
    College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.

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