AI Medical Compendium

Robustness Gap of Large Language Models in Nephrology

medRxiv Aug 18, 2026

Background: Whether benchmark performance reflects robust clinical reasoning rather than surface-level pattern recognition remains uncertain. We evaluated the robustness of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) on nephrology board renewal que... read more

nephrology

PanoraOnc: A pan-cancer clinico-genomic AI model for transferable outcome predictions

medRxiv Aug 18, 2026

Progress in precision oncology, including biomarker discovery and individualized treatment selection, is limited by the complexity of clinico-genomic data and the scarcity of large multimodal patient cohorts. Here, we introduce PanoraOnc, a pan-cance... read more

oncology

BCIJelly: An integrated ecosystem for brain-computer interface research

bioRxiv Aug 18, 2026

Brain-computer interface (BCI) research relies on multistage computational pipelines, but progress has been slowed by fragmented data formats, heterogeneous decoder implementations and hardware-specific deployment toolchains. Here, we introduce BCIJe... read more

neuroscience

Macroevolution of plant defence favours toxin potency over concentration.

Proceedings. Biological sciences Aug 19, 2026

Antagonistic coevolution has long been predicted to leave a macroevolutionary signature of escalating defences in host species. Opposing this classic theory, we previously reported phylogenetic declines in the concentrations of cardenolide toxins amo... read more

Prediction of Side Effects from Breast Radiation Therapy - Integration of Clinical and Genomic Data.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics Aug 18, 2026

OBJECTIVES: To compare the ability of different machine learning models to predict the risk of side effects in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy. METHODS: Data from the multicentre REQUITE cohort (n=2067) was analysed retrospec... read more

A first realization of reinforcement learning-based closed-loop EEG-TMS.

NeuroImage Aug 18, 2026

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to investigate neurophysiology of the human brain and treat brain disorders. Traditionally, therapeutic TMS has been applied in a one-size-fits-all approach, disregarding inter- and intraindi... read more

Machine learning prediction of human antibiotic resistance risk using 16S rRNA profiles.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) Aug 18, 2026

Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing global health threat, yet large-scale surveillance and risk evaluation remain constrained by the cost and accessibility of metagenomic sequencing. Here, we demonstrate that antibiotic resistance risk, integrat... read more

Connectome-based modeling of the suicidal brain: neurobiological substrates, clinical translation and future perspectives.

Biological psychiatry Aug 18, 2026

Suicide represents a global public health crisis, claiming over 700,000 lives worldwide every year. Deep understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms will enable objective risk assessment and more effective prevention of suicide. Recent advances i... read more

Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System for Risk-Adapted Cancer Survivorship Surveillance: A Multicenter Target Trial Emulation.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics Aug 18, 2026

BACKGROUND: The growing population of cancer survivors faces immense monitoring burdens due to rigid follow-up guidelines, such as the intensive surveillance schedules recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). To address this i... read more

Thyroid Year-in-Review 2025-2026: Precision Medicine and De-escalation in Contemporary Thyroidology.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Aug 18, 2026

The 'Thyroid: Year in Review', presented at the AACE 2026 annual meeting, synthesized practice-influencing peer-reviewed clinical research published between March 1, 2025, and February 15, 2026. This narrative review, based on that presentation, high... read more

Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium