Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 14,051 to 14,060 of 211,462 articles

From Baseline to Follow-Up: Counterfactual Spine DXA Image Synthesis in UK Biobank Using a Causal Hierarchical Variational Autoencoder

arXiv May 21, 2026
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used for large-scale skeletal assessment, yet learning controllable and interpretable factor-specific anatomical variation remains challenging. We propose a metadata-conditioned causal hierarchical var... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition cs.LG

What Does the Caption Really Say? Counterfactual Phrase Intervention for Compositional Data Selection in Vision-Language Pretraining

arXiv May 21, 2026
CLIP-style contrastive pretraining typically curates web-scale image-text pairs using sample-level filtering signals, often based on pair-level alignment. We show that this signal saturates: once coarse mismatches are removed, stricter global filteri... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Seeing the Poem: Image-Semantic Detection of AI-Generated Modern Chinese Poetry with MLLMs

arXiv May 21, 2026
Previous detection studies have shown that LLMs cannot be effectively used as detectors, but these studies have not addressed modern Chinese poetry. Moreover, no relevant research has explored the performance of LLMs in detecting modern Chinese poetr... read more 
Computation and Language cs.CV

SegCompass: Exploring Interpretable Alignment with Sparse Autoencoders for Enhanced Reasoning Segmentation

arXiv May 21, 2026
While large language models provide strong compositional reasoning, existing reasoning segmentation pipelines fail to transparently connect this reasoning to visual perception. Current methods, such as latent query alignment, are end-to-end yet opaqu... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition cs.LG cs.MM eess.IV

SEGA: Spectral-Energy Guided Attention for Resolution Extrapolation in Diffusion Transformers

arXiv May 21, 2026
Diffusion transformers (DiTs) have emerged as a dominant architecture for text-to-image generation, yet their performance drops when generating at resolutions beyond their training range. Existing training-free approaches mitigate this by modifying i... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

The Value of Covariance Matching in Gaussian DDPMs and the Lanczos Sampler

arXiv May 21, 2026
A central error measure in Gaussian DDPMs is the path-space KL divergence between the exact reverse chain and the learned Gaussian reverse process. This quantity is especially relevant for procedures such as classifier guidance, which perturb the ent... read more 
Machine Learning cs.AI cs.IT

Ternary Decision Trees with Locally-Adaptive Uncertainty Zones

arXiv May 21, 2026
Decision trees partition the feature space using hard binary thresholds, assigning identical confidence to instances far from a decision boundary and to those directly on it. We introduce ternary decision trees, which augment each split node with an ... read more 
Machine Learning

SeqLoRA: Bilevel Orthogonal Adaptation for Continual Multi-Concept Generation

arXiv May 21, 2026
Parameter-efficient fine-tuning enables fast personalization of text-to-image diffusion models, but composing multiple custom concepts remains challenging due to representation interference. Existing modular methods either rely on expensive post-hoc ... read more 
Machine Learning

Spectral Tail Auxiliary Learning for AI-Generated Image Detection

arXiv May 21, 2026
As generative image models evolve rapidly, the perceptual gap between generated and real images continues to narrow, making AI-generated image detection increasingly challenging. Many existing methods exploit frequency-domain cues for detection, typi... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Synthetic Data Alone is Enough? Rethinking Data Scarcity in Pediatric Rare Disease Recognition

arXiv May 21, 2026
Children with rare genetic diseases often exhibit distinctive facial phenotypes, yet developing computer vision systems for early diagnosis remains challenging due to extreme data scarcity, privacy constraints, and limited data sharing in pediatric s... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
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