Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 14,401 to 14,410 of 211,815 articles

Benchmarking Machine Learning Architectures for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Pediatric ICUs

arXiv May 21, 2026
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is critical in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), where diagnostic uncertainty often drives broad-spectrum antibiotic use, increasing antimicrobial resistance and potential long-term harms. Machine learning offers... read more 
Machine Learning

Healthcare LLM Benchmarks Are Only as Good as Their Explicit Assumptions

arXiv May 21, 2026
Benchmarks are necessary for healthcare evaluation, but are not sufficient for predicting deployment performance. Our position is that the evaluation--deployment gap arises not because of poorly designed benchmarks, but from implicit assumptions abou... read more 
Computers and Society cs.AI cs.LG

GLeVE: Graph-Guided Lesion Grounding with Proposal Verification in 3D CT

arXiv May 21, 2026
Grounding radiology report descriptions to 3D CT volumes is essential for verifiable clinical interpretation, yet remains challenging due to the semantic-spatial gap between free-text narratives and volumetric anatomy. Existing report-assisted and vi... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

The Double Dilemma in Multi-Task Radiology Report Generation: A Gradient Dynamics Analysis and Solution

arXiv May 21, 2026
While multi-task learning based automatic radiology report generation (RRG) is widely adopted to ensure clinical consistency, most focus on architectural designs yet remain limited to coarse linear scalarization strategies. These strategies cannot ef... read more 
Machine Learning cs.CL cs.CV

From Baseline to Follow-Up: Counterfactual Spine DXA Image Synthesis in UK Biobank Using a Causal Hierarchical Variational Autoencoder

arXiv May 21, 2026
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used for large-scale skeletal assessment, yet learning controllable and interpretable factor-specific anatomical variation remains challenging. We propose a metadata-conditioned causal hierarchical var... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition cs.LG

What Does the Caption Really Say? Counterfactual Phrase Intervention for Compositional Data Selection in Vision-Language Pretraining

arXiv May 21, 2026
CLIP-style contrastive pretraining typically curates web-scale image-text pairs using sample-level filtering signals, often based on pair-level alignment. We show that this signal saturates: once coarse mismatches are removed, stricter global filteri... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Seeing the Poem: Image-Semantic Detection of AI-Generated Modern Chinese Poetry with MLLMs

arXiv May 21, 2026
Previous detection studies have shown that LLMs cannot be effectively used as detectors, but these studies have not addressed modern Chinese poetry. Moreover, no relevant research has explored the performance of LLMs in detecting modern Chinese poetr... read more 
Computation and Language cs.CV

SegCompass: Exploring Interpretable Alignment with Sparse Autoencoders for Enhanced Reasoning Segmentation

arXiv May 21, 2026
While large language models provide strong compositional reasoning, existing reasoning segmentation pipelines fail to transparently connect this reasoning to visual perception. Current methods, such as latent query alignment, are end-to-end yet opaqu... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition cs.LG cs.MM eess.IV

SEGA: Spectral-Energy Guided Attention for Resolution Extrapolation in Diffusion Transformers

arXiv May 21, 2026
Diffusion transformers (DiTs) have emerged as a dominant architecture for text-to-image generation, yet their performance drops when generating at resolutions beyond their training range. Existing training-free approaches mitigate this by modifying i... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

The Value of Covariance Matching in Gaussian DDPMs and the Lanczos Sampler

arXiv May 21, 2026
A central error measure in Gaussian DDPMs is the path-space KL divergence between the exact reverse chain and the learned Gaussian reverse process. This quantity is especially relevant for procedures such as classifier guidance, which perturb the ent... read more 
Machine Learning cs.AI cs.IT
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