Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 14,491 to 14,500 of 211,815 articles

Evaluating Sycophancy in Frontier Models Using Persona-Driven Challenge

medRxiv May 20, 2026
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for lay health queries, yet may abandon correct recommendations under pressure, a vulnerability termed sycophancy. We evaluated sycophancy across five frontier LLMs (Claude Opus 4.6, Claude Sonnet 4.... read more 
health informatics

Accuracy and Consistency of Frontier LLMs on Orthodontic Diagnostic Tasks: A Repeated-Trial Comparison

medRxiv May 20, 2026
Importance. Large language models are increasingly explored as clinical decision support tools in orthodontics, yet existing evaluations have been confined to knowledge based question answering where reported accuracy ranges from 18% to 100%. No stud... read more 
health informatics

Machine learning methodology using a masked neural network for robust genetic risk score calculation from noisy and missing data

medRxiv May 20, 2026
Purpose: Genetic risk scores (GRSs) are summaries of genetic data that can improve prediction of disease risk and progression. GRSs are increasing available but rely on high quality input data to produce good output results; with noisy or missing inp... read more 
genetic and genomic medicine

Non-invasive Transcriptomic Cell Profiling of the Human Endometrium with Generative Deep Learning

medRxiv May 20, 2026
Background Delineating the cellular origins of extracellular vesicles (EVs) enables the detection of clinically relevant changes in dynamic and complex tissues, such as the endometrium, which are not characterizable through single biomarker assays. T... read more 
obstetrics and gynecology

Psychological Stress-Associated Ceramide and Diacylglyceride Lipotoxicity as Contributors to First Episode Depression Pathophysiology: A neuroimmune-Metabolic-Oxidative Stress (NIMETOX) Perspective

medRxiv May 20, 2026
Background: Aberrations in neuro-immune, metabolic, and oxidative stress (NIMETOX) pathways are implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). First-episode simple dysmood disorder (FE-SDMD) without metabolic syndrome offers a unique model to investi... read more 
psychiatry and clinical psychology

Gut microbiota signatures differentiate trajectory-defined response phenotypes and predict self-management outcomes in irritable bowel syndrome

medRxiv May 20, 2026
Background: Heterogeneity in symptom presentation and treatment response in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains poorly understood. The gut microbiota may contribute to this variability, but its role in shaping symptom trajectories and responses to... read more 
gastroenterology

Climatic suitability for leishmaniasis at global and European scales

medRxiv May 20, 2026
Leishmaniasis, a climate-sensitive zoonotic neglected tropical disease, is transmitted by Phlebotomine sand flies and closely linked to socio-economic inequities. Understanding its spatio-temporal dynamics under environmental and social change is cri... read more 
epidemiology

Widespread use of invalid statistical tests in biomedical machine learning

bioRxiv May 20, 2026
Machine learning is accelerating biomedical research. Cross-validation is widely used to compare predictive performance -- not only to benchmark algorithms, but also to inform scientific applications, such as ranking biomarkers. However, prediction p... read more 
bioinformatics

A Unified Form of Batch Harmonization Equation for Normative Modeling: A Location Scale Framework

bioRxiv May 20, 2026
Normative modeling quantifies individual deviation from population norms by estimating the conditional mean and variance of brain-derived measures as functions of clinically relevant parameters such as age. The rapid growth of multi-center consortia ... read more 
bioengineering

Mapping Tumor-Microenvironment dependencies with TMEformer: A spatial foundation framework enabling in silico perturbation

bioRxiv May 20, 2026
Despite the fundamental role of spatial context in driving tumor progression, most current computational models for virtual perturbation have largely overlooked its importance. Here, we introduce TMEformer, a tumor microenvironment-aware deep learnin... read more 
bioinformatics
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