Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 17,201 to 17,210 of 213,726 articles

Large Language Model Performance in UK Advice & Guidance: A Pilot Study in Neurology

medRxiv May 18, 2026
Background: Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance in controlled medical environments such as multiple choice exams, but their utility in real-world clinical workflows remains unproven. The NHS Advice & Guidance (A&G) service, wh... read more 
neurology

Factors Influencing Vitamin D Status in Guiyang, China: A Random Forest and SHAP Analysis

medRxiv May 18, 2026
Objective To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in a health examination population in Guiyang, a low-latitude, high-altitude, and cloudy city in southwestern China, and to identify key determinants using machine learning. Methods This ... read more 
health economics

Automatic segmentation of choroid plexus using deep learning across neurodegenerative diagnoses in the multi-site COMPASS-ND Study

medRxiv May 18, 2026
The choroid plexus (ChP) plays a central role in cerebrospinal fluid production, immune signaling, and metabolic clearance, and has emerged as a potential imaging biomarker of neurodegeneration. However, accurate and scalable quantification of ChP vo... read more 
radiology and imaging

Cognitive Flexibility and Decision-Making in Anxiety and Depression: Meta-Analytic Evidence Facilitated by Machine-Learning Screening

medRxiv May 18, 2026
The ability to adjust to changing environments (cognitive flexibility) and optimal decision-making are pivotal brain functions that govern successful human behavior. Anxiety and depressive disorders are strongly pervasive psychiatric conditions acros... read more 
psychiatry and clinical psychology

Prior scene context reshapes feature reliance during rapid perception

bioRxiv May 18, 2026
Human perception is shaped by both sensory input and prior knowledge or expectations. But how does prior contextual information influence rapid visual processing? Here, we combined eye tracking with feature-based encoding models across two experiment... read more 
neuroscience

Machine learning-based decoding of emotional valence from electrophysiological signals in the monkey brain

bioRxiv May 18, 2026
Understanding how the brain operates in naturalistic settings requires methods that go beyond conventional repeated-measurement approaches, necessitating the development of single-trial neural activity analysis. Recent advances in machine learning of... read more 
neuroscience

Predictive coding video models capture dorsal parietal representations and human judgments for surfaces defined by motion

bioRxiv May 18, 2026
Stimulus-computable models have transformed our understanding of ventral visual processing, yet comparable progress in modeling the dorsal visual stream have lagged behind. Classical motion-energy models capture only local signals and fall short of r... read more 
neuroscience

EpiReasoner: An Integrated Artificial Intelligence Framework for Phenotype-to-Genotype Reasoning in Plant Epidermal Development

bioRxiv May 18, 2026
Achieving high-throughput and precise phenotypic quantification and imaging modalities of stomatal and epidermal cells across diverse species remains a primary bottleneck in elucidating the mechanisms of stomatal dynamics, epidermal patterning, and e... read more 
plant biology

LeafyVGG-16: Transfer Learning for Plant Disease Detection with Cyber Risk Analysis

bioRxiv May 18, 2026
Plant disease detection using deep learning is essential for precision agriculture, enabling early and automated crop health monitoring. This study proposes an end-to-end transfer learning pipeline, LeafyVGG-16, for multi-class classification of plan... read more 
plant biology

Astrocytic D1 Dopamine-Signaling Regulates Synaptic Remodeling and Cocaine Seeking

bioRxiv May 18, 2026
D1-type receptor (D1R)-mediated dopaminergic signaling within the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) is essential for forming adaptive circuit changes that embed persistent memories associated with drug seeking and craving. While D1R is expressed in bot... read more 
neuroscience
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