AI Medical Compendium

MTRFU-Net: a lung nodule segmentation model based on improved U-Net architecture with spatial-frequency fusion.

BMC medical imaging May 16, 2026

Accurate pulmonary nodule segmentation is a key step for the early diagnosis of lung cancer, yet existing deep learning methods still have limitations in addressing challenges such as nodule heterogeneity, blurred boundaries, and multi-scale variatio... read more

MDVM-UNet: lumbar MRI segmentation and lordosis angle measurement via a dual-driven mechanism.

BMC medical imaging May 16, 2026

With the rising incidence of degenerative lumbar spine disorders, accurate segmentation of spinal structures based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for intelligent clinical diagnosis and surgical planning, while automated measurement of... read more

A bilingual evaluation of chatbot performance in bruxism-related information: accuracy and readability across two models.

BMC oral health May 16, 2026

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have increasing applications in healthcare; however, their accuracy and readability across different languages remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the performance of ChatGPT-5 and D... read more

REST deficiency and neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in down syndrome human cerebral organoids.

Molecular brain May 16, 2026

Down syndrome (DS) features impaired cortical neurogenesis and excess gliogenesis, yet the temporal regulatory events driving this imbalance remain unclear. Here, we combine multi-timepoint transcriptomic analyses from publicly available datasets, ne... read more

One year quality of life outcomes in critically ill children: a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Critical care (London, England) May 16, 2026

BACKGROUND: Survivors of pediatric intensive care often experience prolonged morbidity, but recovery trajectories and features associated with impairment in general PICU populations remain uncertain. We aimed to explore the trajectory of health-relat... read more

A hybrid machine learning approach for automated malaria diagnosis from thin blood smear images.

Parasites & vectors May 16, 2026

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, requiring diagnostic approaches that are rapid, cost-effective, and accurate. The present study proposes a hybrid deep learning framework for malaria diagnosis using thin blood smear ... read more

Microaneurysm segmentation under out-of-domain generalization: from diabetic retinopathy to leukemic retinopathy.

International journal of retina and vitreous May 16, 2026

PURPOSE: To propose inter-disease out-of-domain generalization (OODG) across retinal diseases for microaneurysm (MA) segmentation using a deep-learning model trained and validated on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and qualitatively evaluated on leukemic r... read more

cGAS-STING pathway regulated by spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment and precision therapy strategies in lung cancer.

Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR May 16, 2026

The cGAS-STING pathway is a central regulator of innate immunity and exhibits a complex dual function in lung cancer: it can activate anti-tumor immune responses but also promote immune escape and metastasis. This "double-edged sword" effect is highl... read more

Adaptive fusion of EEG and NIRS with explainable AI reveals neurophysiological markers of cognitive flexibility.

Computers in biology and medicine May 16, 2026

Cognitive flexibility enables individuals to adapt to changing rules, goals, or uncertainty. This study evaluates the discriminative power of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals from 42 healthy young... read more

Interpretable behavioral clusters of gamblers through unsupervised learning.

Acta psychologica May 16, 2026

Understanding the heterogeneity among highly involved gamblers is critical for the development of effective harm reduction strategies. This study employs unsupervised machine learning to segment a population of high-intensity Electronic Gambling Mach... read more

Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium