AI Medical Compendium

Machine learning-based integrative analysis identifies CXCL13-driven tertiary lymphoid structures as favorable immune and prognostic features in osteosarcoma.

Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) May 16, 2026

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma, an aggressive bone malignancy with limited response to immunotherapy, remains a major clinical challenge. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), as organized ectopic lymphoid aggregates, play a pivotal role in modulating antitu... read more

Multi-objective optimization in population pharmacokinetic model selection and optimization: application of NSGA-II in pyDarwin.

Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics May 16, 2026

The selection of a "good" model usually involves a combination of objective and subjective criteria. Although many aspects of model quality can be expressed numerically, certain desirable characteristics remain difficult-or even impossible-to quantif... read more

Enhancing Drug Response Prediction in Epilepsy with Emerging Multimodal Models: Focus on Clinical, Pharmacologic, and Genomic Factors.

CNS drugs May 16, 2026

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, with approximately one-third of the affected population developing drug-resistant epilepsy despite the exponentially increasing number of antiseizure medications (ASMs) that are available. Current ASM selec... read more

Early laboratory-based differentiation of severe influenza pneumonia and influenza-associated encephalopathy in children using a multi-model, stability-aware machine-learning workflow: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

BMC infectious diseases May 16, 2026

BACKGROUND: Influenza-associated encephalopathy and acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) are rare but devastating complications of pediatric influenza, and early differentiation from severe pneumonia without neurological involvement is challenging ... read more

Diagnostic accuracy of AI-assisted point-of-care ultrasound for abdominal free fluid detection in FAST trauma assessment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC emergency medicine May 16, 2026

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) is widely used in trauma care through the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) protocol, but its accuracy is highly operator-dependent. Artificial intelligence (AI) may reduce variabil... read more

MTRFU-Net: a lung nodule segmentation model based on improved U-Net architecture with spatial-frequency fusion.

BMC medical imaging May 16, 2026

Accurate pulmonary nodule segmentation is a key step for the early diagnosis of lung cancer, yet existing deep learning methods still have limitations in addressing challenges such as nodule heterogeneity, blurred boundaries, and multi-scale variatio... read more

MDVM-UNet: lumbar MRI segmentation and lordosis angle measurement via a dual-driven mechanism.

BMC medical imaging May 16, 2026

With the rising incidence of degenerative lumbar spine disorders, accurate segmentation of spinal structures based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for intelligent clinical diagnosis and surgical planning, while automated measurement of... read more

A bilingual evaluation of chatbot performance in bruxism-related information: accuracy and readability across two models.

BMC oral health May 16, 2026

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have increasing applications in healthcare; however, their accuracy and readability across different languages remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the performance of ChatGPT-5 and D... read more

REST deficiency and neurogenic-to-gliogenic shift in down syndrome human cerebral organoids.

Molecular brain May 16, 2026

Down syndrome (DS) features impaired cortical neurogenesis and excess gliogenesis, yet the temporal regulatory events driving this imbalance remain unclear. Here, we combine multi-timepoint transcriptomic analyses from publicly available datasets, ne... read more

One year quality of life outcomes in critically ill children: a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Critical care (London, England) May 16, 2026

BACKGROUND: Survivors of pediatric intensive care often experience prolonged morbidity, but recovery trajectories and features associated with impairment in general PICU populations remain uncertain. We aimed to explore the trajectory of health-relat... read more

Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium