Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 17,951 to 17,960 of 214,033 articles

Heterogeneous pathways to depressive and anxiety disorders: A cluster-based predictive study in a nationwide longitudinal cohort.

Psychological medicine May 14, 2026
BACKGROUND: Early prediction of depressive and anxiety disorders is challenging due to substantial heterogeneity in risk pathways. Conventional machine-learning models trained on aggregated populations may obscure subgroup-specific mechanisms and lim... read more 

Large language models and emergence: a complex systems perspective.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Emergence is a concept in complexity science that describes how many-body systems manifest novel higher-level properties, properties that can be described by replacing high-dimensional mechanisms with lower-dimensional effective variables and theorie... read more 

Goals and the structure of experience.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Purposeful behaviour is a hallmark of natural and artificial intelligence. Its acquisition is often believed to rely on world models, comprising both descriptive (what is) and prescriptive (what is desirable) aspects that identify and evaluate state ... read more 

What does it mean to have an experience? Two kinds of narrative world models.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Agents construct world models-internal representations of their environment and their place in it-which they use to plan actions. A key subset is narrative world models, which organize actions and events into temporal episodes with defined beginnings... read more 

Empowerment gain and causal model construction: children and adults are sensitive to controllability and variability in their causal interventions.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Learning about the causal structure of the world is a fundamental problem for human cognition. Causal models and especially causal learning have proved to be difficult for large pretrained models using standard techniques of deep learning. In contras... read more 

A sentence is worth a thousand pictures: can large language models understand hum4n L4ngu4ge and the W0rld behind W0rds?

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
The current generation of large language models (LLMs) has been linked to claims about human-like linguistic performance, and their applications are hailed both as a step towards artificial general intelligence and as a major advance in understanding... read more 

Unexpected benefits of self-modelling in neural systems.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Self-models have been a topic of interest for decades in human cognition and more recently in machine learning. Yet what benefits do self-models confer? Here we show that when an artificial network learns to predict its internal states as an auxiliar... read more 

A 'good' regulator may provide a world model for intelligent systems.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
One classic idea from the cybernetics literature is the Every Good Regulator Theorem (EGRT). The EGRT provides a means to identify good regulation, or the conditions under which an agent (regulator) can match the dynamical behaviour of a system. We r... read more 

What physics offers for artificial intelligence? Lessons from the brain's inner time and its dynamics.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
Computing can take advantage of physics-that is, 'whatever physics offers' (Jaeger et al. 2023 Nat. Commun. 14, 4911 (doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40533-1)). One of the key features physics provides is time: it describes rules and makes predictions about h... read more 

Brains and where else? Mapping theories of consciousness to unconventional embodiments.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences May 14, 2026
It is assumed that a useful theory of consciousness (ToC) will explain why consciousness is associated with brains. However, the findings of evolutionary biology, developmental bioelectricity and synthetic bioengineering reveal ancient pre-neural roo... read more 
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