AI Medical Compendium

Prompt-engineering improves clinical safety of large language models for opioid equipotency conversion

medRxiv May 8, 2026

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in medical education and clinical decision-making, but their reliability in high-risk medication dosing remains unclear. Opioid rotation is a common task requiring precise calculations wh... read more

pain medicine

An Explainable Deep Learning Framework for Imaging Genetics: Deriving Brain-Genotype Scores From MRI to Link Genetic Variation, Brain Structure, and Cognition

medRxiv May 8, 2026

Imaging genetics aims to understand how genetic variation influences brain structure and cognitive function. Traditional approaches often rely on imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs), which require high-dimensional brain images to be reduced to predefin... read more

radiology and imaging

CT Attenuation Map Derived Body Composition Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Multicenter External Validation

medRxiv May 8, 2026

Aim: Exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk. In patients unable to exercise, body composition analysis can potentially be used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. We developed a body composition fitness score, then valida... read more

cardiovascular medicine

Automated Brain and CSF Volume Assessment in Infant Hydrocephalus Using Deep Learning

medRxiv May 8, 2026

Accurate brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume assessment is essential for pediatric hydrocephalus management. Current clinical practice relies on linear measurements that fail to capture complex three-dimensional ventricular morphology, while q... read more

radiology and imaging

DentaCoPilot: An LLM-Augmented Next-Procedure Recommender for General Dentistry, Designed for Dentist Augmentation

medRxiv May 8, 2026

Background. Commercial dental artificial intelligence in 2026 is overwhelmingly diagnostic: caries, calculus, periapical, and bone-level detection on radiographs. The clinically harder question that follows every diagnosis-given a patient's chart and... read more

dentistry and oral medicine

Simpler is not always better: Phylodynamic misspecification and deep-learning corrections

medRxiv May 8, 2026

Phylodynamics bridges the gap between epidemiology and pathogen genetic data by estimating epidemiological parameters from time-scaled pathogen phylogenies. Multi-type birth-death (MTBD) models are phylodynamic analogies of compartmental models in cl... read more

epidemiology

Bringing environment back into human evolution: why human genetics needs genome-environment association studies.

Human genetics May 8, 2026

Understanding the genetic basis of human adaptation to environmental pressures is a central question in evolutionary biology. Recent advancements in genome-environment association (GEA) methods have provided novel insights into how genetic variation ... read more

[Use of artificial intelligence for next-gen anamnesis and communication in orthopedics & trauma surgery : From chatbots to ambient intelligence].

Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) May 8, 2026

BACKGROUND: Against the backdrop of increasing patient volumes, rising case complexity, and physicians' limited time, AI-driven systems for anamnesis, triage, and documentation offer substantial potential for efficiency gains in medical history takin... read more

Heavy metal concentrations and ecological impacts (Igeo, Er, Cf, Ef, RI, and PI) in urban air dust, and those that have the greatest effect on the risk index evaluation process through the use of machine learning and GAM models (systematic review and meta-analysis).

International journal of biometeorology May 8, 2026

PCLPred: identifying plant chloride transport-related proteins using reduced amino acid alphabets and N-peptide composition.

Amino acids May 8, 2026

Chloride transport-related proteins play critical roles in coordinating ion cycling, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and enabling plants to dynamically adapt to environmental changes, particularly under salt stress conditions. Given the rapid accum... read more

Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Prompt-engineering improves clinical safety of large language models for opioid equipotency conversion

An Explainable Deep Learning Framework for Imaging Genetics: Deriving Brain-Genotype Scores From MRI to Link Genetic Variation, Brain Structure, and Cognition

CT Attenuation Map Derived Body Composition Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Multicenter External Validation

Automated Brain and CSF Volume Assessment in Infant Hydrocephalus Using Deep Learning

DentaCoPilot: An LLM-Augmented Next-Procedure Recommender for General Dentistry, Designed for Dentist Augmentation

Simpler is not always better: Phylodynamic misspecification and deep-learning corrections

Bringing environment back into human evolution: why human genetics needs genome-environment association studies.

[Use of artificial intelligence for next-gen anamnesis and communication in orthopedics & trauma surgery : From chatbots to ambient intelligence].

Heavy metal concentrations and ecological impacts (Igeo, Er, Cf, Ef, RI, and PI) in urban air dust, and those that have the greatest effect on the risk index evaluation process through the use of machine learning and GAM models (systematic review and meta-analysis).

PCLPred: identifying plant chloride transport-related proteins using reduced amino acid alphabets and N-peptide composition.

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