Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 21,771 to 21,780 of 216,627 articles

When Brain Networks Travel: Learning Beyond Site

arXiv May 7, 2026
Graph-based learning on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown strong potential for brain network analysis. However, existing methods degrade under cross-site out-of-distribution (OOD) settings because site-conditioned confounders ind... read more 
Machine Learning

Towards Generation-Efficient Uncertainty Estimation in Large Language Models

arXiv May 7, 2026
Uncertainty estimation is important for deploying LLMs in high-stakes applications such as healthcare and finance, where hallucinations can appear fluent and plausible while being factually incorrect, making it difficult for users to judge whether an... read more 
Machine Learning

Correcting heterogeneous diagnostic bias when developing clinical prediction models using causal hidden Markov models

arXiv May 7, 2026
In routine care, individuals identified a priori as high-risk are usually tested for conditions more frequently. Protected attributes, such as sex or ethnicity may also determine testing frequency. Such heterogeneous detection rates across a populati... read more 
Applications cs.LG

Arena as Offline Reward: Efficient Fine-Grained Preference Optimization for Diffusion Models

arXiv May 7, 2026
Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) effectively promotes preference alignment of text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models. To improve computational efficiency, direct preference optimization (DPO), which avoids explicit reward modeling, has... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

MSD-Score: Multi-Scale Distributional Scoring for Reference-Free Image Caption Evaluation

arXiv May 7, 2026
Evaluating image captions without references remains challenging because global embedding similarity often misses fine-grained mismatches such as hallucinated objects, missing attributes, or incorrect relations. We propose MSD-Score, a reference-free... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

PoTAcc: A Pipeline for End-to-End Acceleration of Power-of-Two Quantized DNNs

arXiv May 7, 2026
Power-of-two (PoT) quantization significantly reduces the size of deep neural networks (DNNs) and replaces multiplications with bit-shift operations for inference. Prior work has shown that PoT-quantized DNNs can preserve accuracy for tasks such as i... read more 
Hardware Architecture cs.LG cs.PF

AMIEOD: Adaptive Multi-Experts Image Enhancement for Object Detection in Low-Illumination Scenes

arXiv May 7, 2026
In multimedia application scenarios, images captured under low-illumination conditions often lead to lower accuracy in visual perception tasks compared to those taken in well-lit environments. To tackle this challenge, we propose AMIEOD, an image e... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

LARGO: Low-Rank Hypernetwork for Handling Missing Modalities

arXiv May 7, 2026
Addressing missing modalities is an important challenge in multimodal image analysis and often relies on complex architectures that do not transfer easily to different datasets without architectural modifications or hyperparameter tuning. While most ... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Metonymy in vision models undermines attention-based interpretability

arXiv May 7, 2026
Part-based reasoning is a classical strategy to make a computer vision model directly focus on the object parts that are relevant to the downstream task. In the context of deep learning, this also serves to improve by-design interpretability, often b... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Uncovering Entity Identity Confusion in Multimodal Knowledge Editing

arXiv May 7, 2026
Multimodal knowledge editing (MKE) aims to correct the internal knowledge of large vision-language models after deployment, yet the behavioral patterns of post-edit models remain underexplored. In this paper, we identify a systemic failure mode in ed... read more 
Computation and Language cs.CV
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