Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 24,451 to 24,460 of 217,425 articles

Early prediction of skeletal muscle loss using longitudinal clinical data in patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Gastric cancer patients frequently experience skeletal muscle loss during the perioperative and adjuvant treatment period, which has been associated with poorer treatment tolerance and adverse clinical outcomes. Early identification of patients at hi... read more 
gastroenterology

Whom Does Algorithmic Risk Stratification Miss? A Fairness Audit of Machine Learning Targeting for Concurrent Maternal-Child Double Burden of Malnutrition Across 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Author Summary In many low- and middle-income countries, mothers who are overweight often live in the same household as children who are too short or too thin for their age. Nutrition programmes that try to reach such families have limited resources,... read more 
epidemiology

MechaScreener: Large Language Model-Based Automated Screening for Systematic Reviews and Research

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Systematic Reviews (SRs) are the gold standard for evidence synthesis, but the manual title and abstract screening of thousands of references creates a severe bottleneck. Existing automated tools have historically struggled to achieve the near-perfec... read more 
health informatics

A biologically annotated neural network for proteomic discovery in Parkinsons disease

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Machine learning models that can utilize high-dimensional data to make predictions and derive biological insights can improve understanding of diseases. Here, we develop a biologically annotated neural network model for proteomics data (P-BANN) which... read more 
neurology

Auditing What Was Said: The Epistemic Promise and Limits of Ambient AI in Clinical Practice

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Traditional audit methods that rely on written records often miss the nuances of clinical reasoning that influence patient care. Ambient artificial intelligence captures spoken clinical encounters, allowing the analysis of real clinicianpatient dialo... read more 
health systems and quality improvement

Development and Validation of a Two-Stage NLP-LLM System for Automated Extraction of Deprescribing Recommendations from Discharge Summaries

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Introduction: Polypharmacy in older adults is associated with increased risks of adverse drug events and functional decline. Discharge summaries often contain deprescribing recommendations, but these are frequently overlooked due to documentation com... read more 
geriatric medicine

Explainable AI Predicts Hematoxicity from Cancer Treatment Using Multimodal Real-World Data

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Adverse drug effects remain a major barrier to safe and effective cancer therapy, underscoring the need for tools that predict treatment-related toxicities. We analyzed multimodal real-world data from 14,596 cancer patients across 38 cancer entities,... read more 
oncology

Forecasting Minute-by-Minute Stress, Anxiety, and Affective States Using Time-Series Analysis of Wearable Sensor Data

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
This paper focuses on forecasting minute-by-minute stress, anxiety, and affective states using wearable sensor data. It addresses mental health as a growing concern and the limitations of traditional assessment methods. A time-series machine learning... read more 
health informatics

Shortkit-ML: A Unified Multi-Perspective Framework for Detecting Shortcut Learning in Medical Imaging Embeddings

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Shortcut learning poses a significant challenge in clinical artificial intelligence, as models may rely on spurious signals rather than clinically relevant features, leading to biased predictions and poor generalization. Existing detection methods ar... read more 
health informatics

Comparing Physicians' Assessments of Context-specific AI-powered clinical reasoning assistant with General-Purpose AI agent: A Prospective Multi-Site Physician Evaluation of VITA versus ChatGPT in India and Bangladesh

medRxiv Apr 30, 2026
Abstract Background: Healthcare providers in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) are increasingly relying on Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, yet most available AI assistants are general-purpose systems not designed for the specific clinical... read more 
health systems and quality improvement
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