Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 31,551 to 31,560 of 220,544 articles

Why Invariant Risk Minimization Fails on TabularData: A Gradient Variance Solution

medRxiv Apr 13, 2026
Machine learning models trained on observational data from one environment frequently fail when deployed in another, because standard learning algorithms exploit spurious correlations alongside causal ones. Invariant learning methods address this pro... read more 
epidemiology

Cross-Cohort Generalizability of Plasma Biomarker Machine Learning Models Reveals Calibration-Driven Degradation in Clinical Utility

medRxiv Apr 13, 2026
BackgroundPlasma biomarkers demonstrate strong within-cohort performance for identifying cerebral amyloid pathology, but their real-world clinical utility depends on generalization across populations and assay platforms. The impact of cross-cohort de... read more 
neurology

LLM-Driven Target Trial Emulation with Human-in-the-Loop Validation for Randomized Trial: Automated Protocol Extraction and Real-World Outcome Evaluation{Psi}

medRxiv Apr 13, 2026
Target trial emulation (TTE) enables causal inference from observational data but remains bottlenecked by manual, expert-dependent protocol operationalization. While large language models (LLMs) have advanced clinical knowledge extraction and code ge... read more 
health informatics

No One Left Behind: Adaptive Tablet Modalities for Digitally Excluded Emergency Department Patients Design, Implementation, and Social Evidence for an Impairment-First Interface

medRxiv Apr 13, 2026
Background: The urgent care departments in Europe face a structural paradox: accelerating digitalisation is accompanied by a patient population that is disproportionately unable to engage with standard digital tools. An internal analysis at the Emerg... read more 
health systems and quality improvement

Greater lean-body-mass decline with tirzepatide than semaglutide in routine care, revealed by body-composition digital phenotyping

medRxiv Apr 13, 2026
GLP-1 receptor agonists induce substantial weight loss, but the extent to which lean tissue and physical function are preserved in routine care remains poorly understood. Using an EHR-linked body-composition digital phenotyping pipeline with LLM-base... read more 
endocrinology

Virtual Spectral Decomposition with Dendritic Tile Selection: An Explainable AI Framework for Multimodal Tissue Composition Analysis and Immune Phenotyping Across Pancreatic, Lung, and Breast Cancer

medRxiv Apr 13, 2026
Background: Current deep learning models in computational pathology, radiology, and digital pathology produce opaque predictions that lack the explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) capabilities required for clinical adoption. Despite achieving ra... read more 
oncology

TB-Bench: A Systematic Benchmark of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods for Second-Line TB Drug Resistance Prediction

bioRxiv Apr 13, 2026
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), characterized by prolonged treatment regimens and suboptimal treatment outcomes, remains a major obstacle to global TB elimination. Advances in sequencing technologies have enabled the development of machine-learning... read more 
bioinformatics

Identification and Analysis of Novel RNA Editing Sites in Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Machine Learning Approaches.

bioRxiv Apr 13, 2026
ABSTRACT Background: RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that alters the sequence of an RNA transcript. Two types of RNA editing were found in mammals, involving the enzymatic deamination of either adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) or cyti... read more 
neuroscience

In-silico cell sorting revealed granulocyte-specific single-cell-type gene expression from peripheral blood bulk expression data and its application as host response biomarkers to discriminate bacterial and viral infections

bioRxiv Apr 13, 2026
Peripheral Blood transcriptome analysis evaluated the bulk transcript abundance (TA) covering all leukocyte cell populations. However, there are 2 main problems in using bulk expression as biomarkers: (1) A long list of differential expression genes ... read more 
immunology

Spatial control of light-responsive proteins and optogenetics within hydrogels via volumetric bioprinting

bioRxiv Apr 13, 2026
Spatiotemporal control over cell fate and behaviour within bioprinted constructs remains a key challenge in tissue engineering. Optogenetics offers versatile potential for non-invasive regulation of biological processes. Yet, its integration within l... read more 
bioengineering
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