Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 38,781 to 38,790 of 223,469 articles

Reaching Beyond the Mode: RL for Distributional Reasoning in Language Models

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Given a question, a language model (LM) implicitly encodes a distribution over possible answers. In practice, post-training procedures for LMs often collapse this distribution onto a single dominant mode. While this is generally not a problem for ben... read more 
Machine Learning cs.AI cs.CL

NeuroVLM-Bench: Evaluation of Vision-Enabled Large Language Models for Clinical Reasoning in Neurological Disorders

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Recent advances in multimodal large language models enable new possibilities for image-based decision support. However, their reliability and operational trade-offs in neuroimaging remain insufficiently understood. We present a comprehensive benchmar... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition cs.AI cs.LG

CORA: A Pathology Synthesis Driven Foundation Model for Coronary CT Angiography Analysis and MACE Risk Assessment

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Coronary artery disease, the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, can be assessed non-invasively by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Despite progress in automated CCTA analysis using deep learning, clinical translation... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Gaze patterns predict preference and confidence in pairwise AI image evaluation

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Preference learning methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), rely on pairwise human judgments, yet little is known about the cognitive processes underlying these judgments. We invest... read more 
Human-Computer Interaction cs.AI cs.CV cs.CY

OptiSAR-Net++: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Transformer-Free Framework for Cross-Domain Remote Sensing Visual Grounding

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Remote sensing visual grounding (RSVG) aims to localize specific targets in remote sensing images using natural language expressions. However, existing methods are restricted to single-sensor domains, i.e., either optical or synthetic aperture radar ... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Resolving gradient pathology in physics-informed epidemiological models

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are increasingly used in mathematical epidemiology to bridge the gap between noisy clinical data and compartmental models, such as the susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) model. However, training these... read more 
Machine Learning math.NA math.OC

Unveiling Hidden Convexity in Deep Learning: a Sparse Signal Processing Perspective

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Deep neural networks (DNNs), particularly those using Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation functions, have achieved remarkable success across diverse machine learning tasks, including image recognition, audio processing, and language modeling. Des... read more 
Machine Learning eess.SP stat.ML

3D-LLDM: Label-Guided 3D Latent Diffusion Model for Improving High-Resolution Synthetic MR Imaging in Hepatic Structure Segmentation

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Deep learning and generative models are advancing rapidly, with synthetic data increasingly being integrated into training pipelines for downstream analysis tasks. However, in medical imaging, their adoption remains constrained by the scarcity of rel... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

Can VLMs Reason Robustly? A Neuro-Symbolic Investigation

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been applied to a wide range of reasoning tasks, yet it remains unclear whether they can reason robustly under distribution shifts. In this paper, we study covariate shifts in which the perceptual input distribution... read more 
Machine Learning cs.AI cs.CV

BioVITA: Biological Dataset, Model, and Benchmark for Visual-Textual-Acoustic Alignment

arXiv Mar 25, 2026
Understanding animal species from multimodal data poses an emerging challenge at the intersection of computer vision and ecology. While recent biological models, such as BioCLIP, have demonstrated strong alignment between images and textual taxonomic... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
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