Understanding causal mechanisms in deep learning is essential for clinical adoption, where interpretability and reliability are critical. Most existing AI systems act as black boxes, limiting transparency in medicine. We propose a causal inference fr... read more
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a comprehensive assessment of functional capacity by measuring key physiological variables including oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]), carbon dioxide production ([Formula: see text]), and pulmo... read more
BACKGROUND: Frailty is an important factor in human aging associated with a broad range of adverse outcomes. Frailty metrics are time intensive to collect making them difficult for larger scale application. METHODS: We apply machine learning to predi... read more
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