Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 58,941 to 58,950 of 227,876 articles

Scaling medical imaging report generation with multimodal reinforcement learning

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
Frontier models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning with natural-language text, but they still exhibit major competency gaps in multimodal understanding and reasoning especially in high-value verticals such as bio... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition cs.CL

Benchmarking Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction Methods for Photoacoustic Computed Tomography with Clinically Relevant Synthetic Datasets

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
Deep learning (DL)-based image reconstruction methods for photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) have developed rapidly in recent years. However, most existing methods have not employed standardized datasets, and their evaluations rely on tradition... read more 
Medical Physics cs.AI cs.CV cs.LG

Conservative & Aggressive NaNs Accelerate U-Nets for Neuroimaging

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
Deep learning models for neuroimaging increasingly rely on large architectures, making efficiency a persistent concern despite advances in hardware. Through an analysis of numerical uncertainty of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we observe that... read more 
Machine Learning cs.AI

Federated Proximal Optimization for Privacy-Preserving Heart Disease Prediction: A Controlled Simulation Study on Non-IID Clinical Data

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
Healthcare institutions have access to valuable patient data that could be of great help in the development of improved diagnostic models, but privacy regulations like HIPAA and GDPR prevent hospitals from directly sharing data with one another. Fede... read more 
Machine Learning cs.AI

FASTR: Reimagining FASTQ via Compact Image-inspired Representation

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
Motivation: High-throughput sequencing (HTS) enables population-scale genomics but generates massive datasets, creating bottlenecks in storage, transfer, and analysis. FASTQ, the standard format for over two decades, stores one byte per base and one ... read more 
Genomics cs.LG

Rethinking Benchmarks for Differentially Private Image Classification

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
We revisit benchmarks for differentially private image classification. We suggest a comprehensive set of benchmarks, allowing researchers to evaluate techniques for differentially private machine learning in a variety of settings, including with and ... read more 
Machine Learning

PUNCH: Physics-informed Uncertainty-aware Network for Coronary Hemodynamics

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) affects millions worldwide yet remains underdiagnosed because gold-standard physiological measurements are invasive and variably reproducible. We introduce a non-invasive, uncertainty-aware framework for estim... read more 
Machine Learning

Reasoning Beyond Literal: Cross-style Multimodal Reasoning for Figurative Language Understanding

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities in literal multimodal tasks such as visual mathematics and science question answering. However, figurative language, such as sarcasm, humor, and metaphor, remains a significan... read more 
Computation and Language cs.LG

NewPINNs: Physics-Informing Neural Networks Using Conventional Solvers for Partial Differential Equations

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
We introduce NewPINNs, a physics-informing learning framework that couples neural networks with conventional numerical solvers for solving differential equations. Rather than enforcing governing equations and boundary conditions through residual-base... read more 
Machine Learning

Structural Complexity of Brain MRI reveals age-associated patterns

arXiv Jan 23, 2026
We adapt structural complexity analysis to three-dimensional signals, with an emphasis on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This framework captures the multiscale organization of volumetric data by coarse-graining the signal at progressively la... read more 
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
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