Artificial Intelligence Medical Compendium

Explore the latest research on artificial intelligence and machine learning in medicine.

Showing 60,401 to 60,410 of 228,072 articles

Neural signatures of model-based and model-free reinforcement learning across prefrontal cortex and striatum

bioRxiv Jan 18, 2026
Animals integrate knowledge about how the state of the environment evolves to choose actions that maximise reward. Such goal-directed behaviour - or model-based (MB) reinforcement learning (RL) - can flexibly adapt choice to changes, being thus disti... read more 
neuroscience

Identification and Classification of Expressed Orphan Genes, Spurious Orphan Genes, and Conserved Genes in the Human Gut Microbiome

bioRxiv Jan 17, 2026
Orphan genes - genes lacking detectable homologs outside a species - are widespread in microbial genomes and are thought to contribute to their adaptation and molecular innovation. However, not all predicted orphan genes may represent novel functiona... read more 
genomics

Brain-like dynamics in speech representations can emerge through self-supervised learning

bioRxiv Jan 17, 2026
Speech representations in the human brain do not simply mirror the instantaneous speech signal; rather, they display several properties that are hypothesized to facilitate the integration of speech sounds into words. In particular, neural encodings o... read more 
neuroscience

Rx Norm for Europe - Toward the representation of medicinal products in the OMOP CDM: Graph visualization and validation of two mapping approaches using the OHDSI USAGI tool and LLM

medRxiv Jan 17, 2026
Medication product names in Swiss electronic health records are heterogeneous and often encode multiple attributes (e.g., ingredient, strength, dose form, packaging) in German free text. This limits interoperability and reduces the utility of ATC cod... read more 
health informatics

CLEAR: An Auditable Foundation Model for Radiology Grounded in Clinical Concepts

medRxiv Jan 17, 2026
"Black box" deep learning models for medical image interpretation limit clinical trust and analysis of performance degradation. Here, we introduce Concept-Level Embeddings for Auditable Radiology (CLEAR), an auditable foundation model based on clinic... read more 
health informatics

Hide and Seek: Privacy-Preserving Artificial Intelligence with a Feasibility Study in Rare Disease Diagnosis

medRxiv Jan 17, 2026
Background: Integrating advanced artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical decision-support often requires the sharing of sensitive patient data with external services, raising privacy concerns. Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows computing directly ... read more 
health informatics

Morphology-Driven Inference of Patient-Specific Pathophysiological States Enables Precision Treatment in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

medRxiv Jan 17, 2026
Skin diseases manifest as visually observable eruption patterns, making image-based assessment a central component of dermatological diagnosis. While recent artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches have achieved remarkable progress in classifyin... read more 
dermatology

Artificial intelligence and precision medicine.

Scientific reports Jan 17, 2026
From genome sequencing to single-cell multi-omics profiling, bioinformatic data holds massive promise, calling for data interpretation to facilitate the development of precision medicine with artificial intelligence technologies. Moreover, clinical h... read more 

Accessible cartilage tumor malignancy prediction via vision-language foundation model adaptation.

Skeletal radiology Jan 17, 2026
OBJECTIVE: To predict cartilage tumor malignancy from radiographic images combined with readily available non-imaging information based on a vision-language foundation model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-institution study assembled a dataset of... read more 

MRI-Based peritumoral radiomics for predicting recurrence risk in ER+/HER2- breast cancer.

BMC medical imaging Jan 17, 2026
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