Harnessing the Fish Gut Microbiome and Immune System to Enhance Disease Resistance in Aquaculture.

Journal: Fish & shellfish immunology
Published Date:

Abstract

The increasing global reliance on aquaculture is challenged by disease outbreaks, exacerbated by antibiotic resistance, and environmental stressors. Traditional strategies, such as antibiotic treatments and chemical interventions, are becoming less effective, necessitating a shift toward microbiota-based disease control. The fish gut microbiome is a key determinant of immune homeostasis and pathogen resistance. However, previous reviews lack integration of microbiome engineering, machine learning, and next-generation sequencing in fish health strategies. This review encompasses recent advancements in microbiome research, including dietary strategies such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and phytogenic feed additives. It synthesizes the latest metagenomic insights, microbiota modulation techniques, and AI-driven disease prediction models. It presents a novel conceptual framework for disease control using microbiome-based approaches in aquaculture. Additionally, we explore emerging methodologies, including microbiota transplantation and synthetic probiotics, to develop precision microbiome interventions. By bridging existing knowledge gaps, this review provides actionable insights into sustainable aquaculture practices through microbiome-driven disease resistance.

Authors

  • Mai A M El-Son
    Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt. Electronic address: maielsony@mans.edu.eg.
  • Samia Elbahnaswy
    Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
  • Mohsen A Khormi
    Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Ali M Aborasain
    Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Hanan H Abdelhaffez
    Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 20 71526, Egypt.
  • Eman Zahran
    Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.

Keywords

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