From Traditional to Artificial Intelligence-driven Approaches: Revolutionizing Personalized and Precision Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Journal: Clinical nutrition ESPEN
Published Date: May 7, 2025

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition with global prevalence and varying incidence. The IBD pathogenesis involves intricate interactions among genetic, host and environmental factors, leading to dysregulated immune responses and chronic intestinal inflammation. Alongside elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and altered miRNAs expression, more studies highlight significant dysbiosis in both fecal and ileal microbiota of IBD patients. This dysbiosis is characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory and mucin- degrading bacteria (e.g., Fusobacterium spp., Escherichia spp.) and a decline in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) -producing microbes (e.g., Roseburia spp., Faecalibacterium spp.) which play a protective role in gut health. Diet emerges as a key environmental factor influencing IBD onset and progression and recent advancements in"omics" technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, provide a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions between genes, gut microbiota (GM) and nutrition. Finally, new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), further enhance findings by enabling data integration and personalized dietary strategies. In this scenario, this review aims to summarize accumulating data on the effects of dietary interventions in IBD patients and introduce the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in facilitating precision dietary approaches to improve IBD management.

Authors

  • Simone Baldi
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
  • Dilara Sarikaya
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
  • Sofia Lotti
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
  • Francesca Cuffaro
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
  • Dorian Fink
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
  • Barbara Colombini
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
  • Francesco Sofi
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy.
  • Amedeo Amedei
    Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Florence, Italy. Electronic address: amedeo.amedei@unifi.i.

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