Ultrasensitive Profiling of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles for Breast Cancer Subtyping with a High-Curvature Antifouling Nanoarray.

Journal: Nano letters
Published Date: May 11, 2025

Abstract

Profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) has long been hampered by their insufficient capture and assay sensitivity due to the high background of complex matrices. To address this challenge, we develop a high-curvature antifouling nanoarray electrochemical assay (eCAN) to enable ultrasensitive and specific profiling of plasma EVs for the accurate subtyping of breast cancer. This assay leverages a three-in-one multifunctional hierarchical antifouling nanofilm to improve EV capture, minimize nonspecific adsorption, and facilitate three-dimensional deposition of tyramine for signal amplification. These advantages allow the eCAN to achieve a sensitivity of up to 56 particles/mL (near a single-EV level), showing high specificity and anti-interference. The eCAN can differentiate EV subpopulations across different breast cancer cells and monitor their phenotypic changes. This assay allows accurate diagnosis and subtyping of breast cancer (AUC = 1.000) through direct profiling of EVs in undiluted plasma from a pilot cohort and provides a promising tool for precise diagnosis of cancers in clinical settings.

Authors

  • Tanglian Zhao
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
  • Yu Chen
    State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
  • Weifeng Liu
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
  • Xifeng Mo
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
  • Xiaojie Qin
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
  • Yu Yang
    Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi, China.
  • Min Fang
    Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
  • Xinchun Li
    Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, Pharmaceutical College, State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
  • Wei Liu
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States.
  • Fan Yang
    School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.

Keywords

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