A sulfated fucopyranosyl-glucosamino-glucopyranose from marine heterotrophic Bacillus tequilensis regulates inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocyte THP-1 cells.

Journal: International journal of biological macromolecules
Published Date: May 7, 2025

Abstract

Marine macroalga or seaweed-associated bacterial exopolysaccharides, particularly (1 → 3)-linked β-glucans, possess potential ability to reduce inflammatory responses by targeting various cytokines. In this direction, a sulfated exopolysaccharide (BP-2), characterized as fucopyranosyl glucosamino-glucopyranose, was isolated from the heterotrophic bacterium Bacillus tequilensis MTCC13043, associated with the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. The whole-genome analysis of B. tequilensis MTCC13043 (accession number: JAKGAV000000000) revealed that 97 % of its genome consisted of biosynthetic gene clusters for specific saccharin molecules. Administration of BP-2 (50 μg/mL) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced THP-1 monocytic cell line resulted in a substantial reduction in overexpressed nitric oxide (~56 %), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (~81 %), interleukins (IL-6, IL-12 and IL-1β) (~50-66 %). Significant downregulation of mRNA expression of IL-2 (1.65-fold) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (2.15-fold) was observed in BP-2 (50 μg/mL) treated cells, in comparison with LPS-treated cells (3.81-5.06-fold), whereas the expression of inflammation regulatory transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was upregulated (~80 %, 4.85-fold) upon treatment with BP-2 (50 μg/mL). The structure-activity correlations revealed that (1 → 3) β-glycosidic linkage, along with C-6/C-4,6 sulfation patterns in BP-2 are likely responsible for its prospective anti-inflammatory property. These findings clearly indicate the potential of the isolated bacterial exopolysaccharide (BP-2) as a promising anti-inflammatory agent.

Authors

  • Sumayya Asharaf
    Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India; Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lakeside Campus, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India.
  • Kajal Chakraborty
    Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India. Electronic address: kajal.chakraborty@icar.gov.in.
  • Chesvin Varghese
    Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India.
  • Rekha Devi Chakraborty
    Shellfish Fisheries Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India.
  • Silpa Kunnappilly Paulose
    Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India; Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka State, India.
  • Shubhajit Dhara
    Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India; Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka State, India.

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