Prostate cancer clinicopathological presentation in South-East Africa during the 2010 decade.

Journal: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Published Date: May 9, 2025

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer-associated death amongst men across Sub-Saharan Africa, with Southern and East Africa ranking 1st and 5th globally. However, lack of coordinated National cancer registries has biased data towards single sourced, averaged or model estimates. Here, our retrospective study included 8,634 South-East African cases diagnosed between 2010-to-2019, which when compared with 71,694 Black and 322,356 White period-matched Americans, were over 3-fold more likely to present with aggressive disease (International Society of Urological Pathology grade groups ≥4: 45.38% vs 21.22% and 21.05%; Prostate Specific Antigen ≥20 ng/mL: 62.04% vs 17.29% and 11.17%, respectively; all two-sided P<0.0001). While East over Southern Africans are 1.5-times more likely to present with advanced disease, age was not a confounder. Supporting PCa as a major health concern for Africa, our data suggests underestimation in East Africa, while highlighting the need for accurate monitoring, increased awareness, and tailored screening criteria.

Authors

  • Sean M Patrick
    School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa.
  • Winstar Mokua Ombuki
    Department of Urology, East Africa Kidney Institute, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Joan Ndambuki
    School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa.
  • Micah O Oyaro
    Department of Urology, East Africa Kidney Institute, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Meshack Bida
    National Laboratory Health Services (NHLS), Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Pamela X Y Soh
    Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
  • Gail S Prins
    Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
  • Vanessa M Hayes
    School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa.
  • M S Riana Bornman
    School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa.
  • Peter Mungai Ngugi
    Department of Urology, East Africa Kidney Institute, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

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