Algorithms and Methods for Individual Source Camera Identification: A Survey.

Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Published Date: May 11, 2025

Abstract

Source camera identification (SCI) is a key issue in the field of digital forensics. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing methods and algorithms used for this purpose. It discusses approaches based on matrix noise analysis, including methods utilizing sensor pattern noise, photo response non-uniformity, statistical methods, aberrations analysis, as well as modern techniques based on deep neural networks and machine learning. Particular attention is paid to the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithms to different types of interference and their possible application in practical cases, such as law enforcement investigations. Moreover, we also discuss the issue of camera identification using videos and provide a brief description of popular image datasets that might be used for source camera identification method benchmarking.

Authors

  • Jarosław Bernacki
    Department of Artificial Intelligence, Czȩstochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 36, Czȩstochowa, 42-200, Poland. jaroslaw.bernacki@pcz.pl.
  • Rafal Scherer
    Department of Intelligent Computer Systems, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.

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