Ethical framework for responsible foundational models in medical imaging.

Journal: Frontiers in medicine
Published Date:

Abstract

The emergence of foundational models represents a paradigm shift in medical imaging, offering extraordinary capabilities in disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment planning. These large-scale artificial intelligence systems, trained on extensive multimodal and multi-center datasets, demonstrate remarkable versatility across diverse medical applications. However, their integration into clinical practice presents complex ethical challenges that extend beyond technical performance metrics. This study examines the critical ethical considerations at the intersection of healthcare and artificial intelligence. Patient data privacy remains a fundamental concern, particularly given these models' requirement for extensive training data and their potential to inadvertently memorize sensitive information. Algorithmic bias poses a significant challenge in healthcare, as historical disparities in medical data collection may perpetuate or exacerbate existing healthcare inequities across demographic groups. The complexity of foundational models presents significant challenges regarding transparency and explainability in medical decision-making. We propose a comprehensive ethical framework that addresses these challenges while promoting responsible innovation. This framework emphasizes robust privacy safeguards, systematic bias detection and mitigation strategies, and mechanisms for maintaining meaningful human oversight. By establishing clear guidelines for development and deployment, we aim to harness the transformative potential of foundational models while preserving the fundamental principles of medical ethics and patient-centered care.

Authors

  • Debesh Jha
    Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea.
  • Gorkem Durak
  • Abhijit Das
    Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, Jio Institute, Navi Mumbai, 410206, India.
  • Jasmer Sanjotra
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Onkar Susladkar
    Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India.
  • Suramyaa Sarkar
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Ashish Rauniyar
    Sustainable Communication Technologies, SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway.
  • Nikhil Kumar Tomar
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Linkai Peng
    Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
  • Sirui Li
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Koushik Biswas
  • Ertugrul Aktas
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Elif Keles
    Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University.
  • Matthew Antalek
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Zheyuan Zhang
    Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University.
  • Bin Wang
    State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia. Electronic address: bin.a.wang@dpi.nsw.gov.au.
  • Xin Zhu
    Biomedical Information Engineering Lab, The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan.
  • Hongyi Pan
    Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
  • Deniz Seyithanoglu
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Alpay Medetalibeyoglu
  • Vanshali Sharma
    Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University.
  • Vedat Cicek
    Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University.
  • Amir A Rahsepar
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Rutger Hendrix
    Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • A Enis Cetin
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Bulent Aydogan
    Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
  • Mohamed Abazeed
    Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
  • Frank H Miller
    Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
  • Rajesh N Keswani
    Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Hatice Savas
    From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute (R.M.W.), Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (D.R.C.), Division of Interventional Radiology (N.X.), and Division of Thoracic Imaging (B.D.A., G.A.M., H.S., R.A., N.P.), Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, 676 N St Clair St, Chicago, IL 60611; and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill (J.S., S.D., S.C., A.D., S.B., Y.W., A.K.K.).
  • Sachin Jambawalikar
    Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
  • Daniela P Ladner
    Northwestern University Transplant Outcomes Research Collaborative (NUTORC), Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
  • Amir A Borhani
    Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL amir.borhani@northwestern.edu.
  • Concetto Spampinato
    Department of Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
  • Michael B Wallace
  • Ulas Bagci
    Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave, Ste 1600, Chicago, IL 60611.

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