Tracking Methods in Sports: a Review of Advances, Quality, and Challenges in Performance Data.

Journal: International journal of sports medicine
Published Date: May 20, 2025

Abstract

Tracking systems in sports aim to record the athlete's position as a function of time. From these data, information on physical, tactical and technical performance is obtained and assists coaches and players in decision-making during the training and competition routine. The implementation, feasibility, and quality of data generated by tracking systems depend on the conditions of each sporting environment and their requirements. This narrative review addresses the fundamentals of the main tracking systems, including algorithms based on computer vision and artificial intelligence for processing videos and global (global positioning system and global navigation satellite system) and local positioning systems. We also address technological advances for obtaining data from human pose estimation and the main validation or quality analysis studies of each method. Finally, we present a series of recommendations and future directions for the evaluation and development of automatic and accurate athlete tracking tools.

Authors

  • Felipe Arruda Moura
    Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics, State University of Londrina, Avenue Gil de Abreu e Souza, 2335, Unidade 1121, Esperança, Londrina 86058-100, Brazil.
  • Fabio Giuliano Caetano
    Sport Sciences Department, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
  • Ricardo da Silva Torres
    Department of ICT and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, Norway.

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