Advances of oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukin in tumor therapy.

Journal: Frontiers in oncology
Published Date: May 21, 2025

Abstract

Oncolytic vaccinia viruses armed with interleukins represent a promising frontier in tumor therapy. Oncolytic vaccinia viruses express IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23, IL-24, and IL-36γ remodel the tumor microenvironment,enhance immune cell infiltration, suppress immunosuppressive elements and promot systemic antitumor immunity. Combinatorial strategies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, metabolic modulators, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or natural compounds amplify therapeutic efficacy for tumors. In addition, we review the existing solutions to the problems of the immune clearance of virus, such as the use of inhibitors to prevent neutralizing antibodies from binding to the virus and the use of polymer encapsulation or mesenchymal stem cell loading. We also discussed Current directions include optimizing delivery systems, leveraging Artificial Intelligence for personalized designs of Oncolytic vaccinia virus inserted interleukins to guide the research in the future.

Authors

  • Mingyong Zha
    Department of Urology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
  • Fei Huang
    Alibaba Damo Academy, 969 West Wen Yi Road, Yu Hang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
  • Songlin Li
    Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
  • Qi Wang
    Biotherapeutics Discovery Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
  • Yong Tang
    Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.

Keywords

No keywords available for this article.

External Resources

Popular Topics
Recent Journals