Role of multi-omics in aquaculture genetics and breeding: current status and future perspective.

Journal: Science China. Life sciences
Published Date: May 28, 2025

Abstract

Aquaculture, a fast-growing sector, plays an important role in the supply of nutrient-rich food for humans. Selective breeding is a promising approach to ensure the development and sustainability of intensive aquaculture systems by achieving cumulative and permanent improvements in desirable traits. The advancement of omics technologies offers unprecedented opportunities for genetic improvement, especially in the prioritization of SNPs to be used in the genomic selection and editing of economically important traits. This review highlights novel breeding strategies in aquaculture, emphasizing how multi-omics data can be integrated into selective breeding programs. Specifically, we discuss the current achievements in integrating functional data into conventional genomic prediction models and highlight the potential of artificial intelligence to efficiently map genes and predict phenotypes or genetic merit using multi-omics data. Ultimately, we discuss genome editing methods for their potential to fix existing alleles, introduce alleles from wild populations or related species, and create de novo alleles, with the general goal of improving commercially important traits in aquaculture species.

Authors

  • Xiaofei Yu
    Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
  • Sara Faggion
    Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, 35020, Italy.
  • Yuxiang Liu
    National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
  • Bo Wang
    Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
  • Qifan Zeng
    MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding & Fang Zongxi Center for Marine Evo-Devo, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
  • Chunzhe Lu
    Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, the Netherlands.
  • Jingjie Hu
    Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
  • Luca Bargelloni
    Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy.
  • Lingzhao Fang
    Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus UniversityTjele, Denmark.
  • Zhenmin Bao
    Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.

Keywords

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