Assessment of the effect of sub-lethal acute toxicity of Emamectin benzoate in using multiple biomarker approach.
Journal:
Toxicology reports
Published Date:
Jan 5, 2022
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a potent neurotoxin agent, widely used for ectoparasites control in aquaculture, but their detailed toxicological implications in are unknown. Thus, this study was conceptualized to determine the LC and to investigate the effects of two sub-lethal concentrations 1/50th of 96 h LC (1.82 μgL) and 1/10thof 96 h LC (9.1 μgL) on hemato-immunological and biochemical responses in (mean weight 25.54 ± 2.3 g and length 10.35 ± 2.4 cm) for a period of 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. LC of EMB were 163 μgL, 112 μgL, 99 μgL and 91 μgL at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h respectively. The safe limit at 96 h LC of EMB was 2.30 μgL. In EMB treated fish, red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit counts were reduced (p < 0.05) significantly. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver and kidney declined (p < 0.05) at 72 h while in gill and muscle the activity increased significantly. Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity in the liver, gill, and kidney increased (p < 0.05) while muscle decreased significantly. Catalase (CAT) activity in liver, gill, and muscle decreased while in kidney increases. Glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase (GOT) activity and Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity were increased in liver, kidney, and muscle tissue. The change in serum triglycerides, serum protein level was noticed. The level of cortisol, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and HSP90 increased (p < 0.05) while the immunological responses like immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement 3(C3) activity decreased (p < 0.05) in EMB exposed fish. Thus, EMB exposure at two sub-lethal concentrations in induces several hemato-immuno, and biochemical alterations in blood, serum, and different organs. The overall result of the present study indicated that EMB is toxic to fish even for a short-term exposure and low doses, and therefore utmost caution should be taken to prevent their drainage into water bodies.
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