Integrated Polarization, Distance, and Rotation for Multi-DoF Diffractive Processor and Information Encryption.

Journal: Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
Published Date: Jun 12, 2025

Abstract

All-optical diffractive deep neural networks (DNNs) offer significant advantages in processing speed and power consumption, thereby accelerating the development of optical computing and artificial intelligence (AI). Integrating multiple degrees of freedom (multi-DoF) into DNNs is a pivotal role in improving information processing and task-loading capacity, an enormous challenge in current all-optical diffractive computing/processors. Here, a multi-DoF diffractive processor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated that leverages a metasurfaces-based approach to integrate polarization, distance, and rotation channels for versatile inference tasks and information encryption. The approach is validated using three-layer metasurfaces that enable high task-capacity tasks, including single-/dual-digit and single-/dual-fashion-product classification, logic operators, and image transformation. Moreover, by mapping large volumes of input data into multi-DoF channels and encoding the information in Morse code with our DNNs framework, a high-security information transmission system is experimentally implemented. The integration of polarization, distance, and rotation channels into an all-optical diffractive processor with multifunctional capabilities paves the way for multifunctional integrated devices and communication.

Authors

  • Teng Zhang
    College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China.
  • Xiaofei Zang
    Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. xfzang@usst.edu.cn.
  • Zhiyu Tan
    Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
  • Guannan Wang
    Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
  • Ziqing Guo
    Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
  • Zhe Gao
    State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
  • Alexander P Shkurinov
    Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
  • Fei Ding
    Information Processing and Communication Technology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai, China.
  • Yiming Zhu
    Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China. Electronic address: zym48306@163.com.
  • Songlin Zhuang
    Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Keywords

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