Diagnostic Performance of Multimodal Large Language Models in the Analysis of Oral Pathology.

Journal: Oral diseases
Published Date: Jun 22, 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the accuracy and repeatability of ChatGPT-4o, a multimodal AI model, in interpreting photographs of oral mucosal lesions, and explored its potential as a diagnostic support tool for specialists and non-specialists.

Authors

  • Ana Suárez
    Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Group Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
  • Yolanda Freire
    Department of Preclinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
  • María Suárez
    Department of Pre-Clinic Dentistry II, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
  • Víctor Díaz-Flores García
    Department of Preclinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
  • Cristina Andreu-Vázquez
    Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
  • Israel John Thuissard Vasallo
    School for Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
  • Ana Isabel Castillo Varón
    Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
  • Carmen Martin
    Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, UK.

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