Electroencephalogram features support the retrogenesis hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: Exploratory comparison of brain changes in aging and childhood.

Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
Published Date: Jun 30, 2025

Abstract

BackgroundThe retrogenesis hypothesis (RH) suggests that the functional and cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease dementia mirrors in reverse order the brain development during childhood and adolescence.ObjectiveEquivalent electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns between older adults across different cognitive decline stages and children across different brain maturation stages were directly compared.MethodsTo capture the complex patterns that allow for such a comparison, a regression model was trained on EEG data from N = 510 older adults, at different stages of cognitive reserve, to identify EEG markers predictive of global cognitive status. The model was then applied on the same EEG markers of N = 696 children across different ages.ResultsThe model predicted MMSE scores with an average error of 2.53 and R of 0.80. When applied to children, predictions correlated positively with age (r = 0.73). Key predictors of cognitive function concordant in both populations were theta coherence (right frontal-left temporal/parietal), temporal Hjorth complexity, and beta edge frequency, supporting the RH.ConclusionsThese EEG features were inversely associated between older adults and children, supporting a functional underpinning of the retrogenesis model of dementia. Clinical validation of these biomarkers could favor their use in the continuous monitoring of cognitive function.

Authors

  • João Areias Saraiva
    Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
  • Martin Becker
    Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Martin Dyrba
    German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.
  • Burcu Bölükbaş
    Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
  • Enrico Michele Salamone
    Epilepsy Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico "Umberto I", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
  • Claudio Babiloni
  • Michael Kölch
    Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics in Childhood and Adolescence, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
  • Harald Hampel
    Alzheimer Precision Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
  • Stefan Teipel
    Departments of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany.
  • Thomas Kirste
    Mobile Multimedia Information Systems Group, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
  • Christoph Berger
    Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TU München, Munich, Germany.

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