CT-Mamba: A hybrid convolutional State Space Model for low-dose CT denoising.

Journal: Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society
Published Date: Jul 3, 2025

Abstract

Low-dose CT (LDCT) significantly reduces the radiation dose received by patients, however, dose reduction introduces additional noise and artifacts. Currently, denoising methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) face limitations in long-range modeling capabilities, while Transformer-based denoising methods, although capable of powerful long-range modeling, suffer from high computational complexity. Furthermore, the denoised images predicted by deep learning-based techniques inevitably exhibit differences in noise distribution compared to normal-dose CT (NDCT) images, which can also impact the final image quality and diagnostic outcomes. This paper proposes CT-Mamba, a hybrid convolutional State Space Model for LDCT image denoising. The model combines the local feature extraction advantages of CNNs with Mamba's strength in capturing long-range dependencies, enabling it to capture both local details and global context. Additionally, we introduce an innovative spatially coherent Z-shaped scanning scheme to ensure spatial continuity between adjacent pixels in the image. We design a Mamba-driven deep noise power spectrum (NPS) loss function to guide model training, ensuring that the noise texture of the denoised LDCT images closely resembles that of NDCT images, thereby enhancing overall image quality and diagnostic value. Experimental results have demonstrated that CT-Mamba performs excellently in reducing noise in LDCT images, enhancing detail preservation, and optimizing noise texture distribution, and exhibits higher statistical similarity with the radiomics features of NDCT images. The proposed CT-Mamba demonstrates outstanding performance in LDCT denoising and holds promise as a representative approach for applying the Mamba framework to LDCT denoising tasks.

Authors

  • Linxuan Li
    Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, China; School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
  • Wenjia Wei
    Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, China; School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
  • Luyao Yang
  • Wenwen Zhang
    Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
  • Jiashu Dong
    Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, China; School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Spintronics, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China.
  • Yahua Liu
    Emergency Department of the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
  • Hongshi Huang
    Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
  • Wei Zhao
    Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China. lxy@jiangnan.edu.cn zhuye@jiangnan.edu.cn.

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