Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Nodule Management: Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Published Date: Jul 12, 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The increasing incidence of thyroid nodules (TN) raises concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment. This study evaluates the clinical and economic impact of KOIOS, an FDA-approved artificial intelligence (AI) tool for the management of TN.

Authors

  • Javier Bodoque-Cubas
    Rovira i Virigili University. Faculty of Medicine. PhD School of Biomedical Sciences. Catalunya Avenue, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
  • José Fernández-Sáez
    Research Support Unit-Terres de l'Ebre, Institut Català de la Salut, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, (IDIAPJGol), Colon Avenue, 16-20, 43500, Tortosa, Spain.
  • Sergio Martínez-Hervás
    Department of Medicine. University of Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez, 15, El Pla del Real, 46010 Valencia, Valencian Community  Spain.
  • María José Pérez-Lacasta
    Department of Economics. Rovira i Virgili University. Campus Bellissens, Universitat Avenue, 1, 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
  • Misericòrdia Carles-Lavila
    Department of Economics. Rovira i Virgili University. Campus Bellissens, Universitat Avenue, 1, 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
  • Raquel María Pallarés-Gasulla
    Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Verge de la Cinta Hospital, Carrer de les Esplanetes, 44-58, 43500 Tortosa, Catalonia, Spain.
  • Juan José Salazar-González
    Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Verge de la Cinta Hospital, Carrer de les Esplanetes, 44-58, 43500 Tortosa, Catalonia, Spain.
  • José Vicente Gil-Boix
    Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. University General Hospital of Castellón, Avinguda de Benicàssim, 128, 12004 Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain.
  • Marcel la Miret-Llauradó
    Rovira i Virigili University. Faculty of Medicine. PhD School of Biomedical Sciences. Catalunya Avenue, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
  • Anna Aulinas-Masó
    Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí Street, 89, 08025, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
  • Iñaki Argüelles-Jiménez
    Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Son Espases University Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, Nord, 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
  • Santiago Tofé-Povedano
    Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Son Espases University Hospital, Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, Nord, 07120 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.

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