Additive Manufacturing of Nano-Micro Carbon Structures via Two-Photon Lithography.

Journal: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
Published Date: Jul 23, 2025

Abstract

Two-Photon Lithography (TPL), a revolutionary additive manufacturing technique that transcends the diffraction limit, empowers nanoscale-precise fabrication of 3D architectures. This breakthrough capability facilitates the creation of intricate micro-nano devices with exceptional structural flexibility and compatibility with multi-material systems, thereby catalyzing transformative developments in carbon-based micro-nanotechnology. This perspective systematically examines recent progress in TPL-enabled carbon material innovations, particularly highlighting the enhanced mechanical performance in micro-nano carbon structures through optimized laser parameterization and functional device implementations across biomedical interfaces, photonic circuits, and high-density energy storage systems. Critical technical barriers are further identified in manufacturing scalability and material-process interdependencies, proposing synergistic solutions through Artificial intelligence-driven photoresist development, topology optimization algorithms, and automated process control frameworks. The integration of machine learning with TPL workflows is positioned to revolutionize design-to-production paradigms, ultimately enabling industrial-scale manufacturing of next-generation carbon micro-nano devices.

Authors

  • Junwei Yang
    School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, Beijing, China.
  • Bin Wang
    State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga 2650, Australia. Electronic address: bin.a.wang@dpi.nsw.gov.au.
  • Wanli Wang
    State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
  • Yindong Liu
    Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100195, China.
  • Luhai Wang
    Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100195, China.
  • Mingbo Wu
    State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
  • Han Hu
    Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 234001, Zhejiang, China.

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