Advances in renal cancer: diagnosis, treatment, and emerging technologies.

Journal: La Radiologia medica
Published Date: Aug 2, 2025

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive overview of current practices and recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of renal cancer. It introduces updates in histological classification and explains the imaging characteristics of each tumour based on these changes. The review highlights state-of-the-art imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and ultrasound, emphasising their crucial role in tumour characterisation and optimising treatment planning. Emerging technologies, such as radiomics and artificial intelligence, are also discussed for their transformative impact on enhancing diagnostic precision, prognostic prediction, and personalised patient management. Furthermore, the review explores current treatment options, including minimally invasive techniques such as cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, and stereotactic body radiation therapy, as well as systemic therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies.

Authors

  • Tsukasa Saida
    Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
  • Mami Iima
    Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
  • Rintaro Ito
    Department of Innovative Biomedical Visualization, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
  • Daiju Ueda
    Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. ai.labo.ocu@gmail.com.
  • Kentaro Nishioka
    Department of Radiation Medical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
  • Ryo Kurokawa
    Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Mariko Kawamura
    Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine.
  • Kenji Hirata
    Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
  • Maya Honda
    From the Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan (M.I.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (M.I., M.K., M.H., Y.N.); A.I. System Research, Kyoto, Japan (R.M.); Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (K.T., T.Y.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan (A.M.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan (M.H.); e-Growth, Kyoto, Japan (K.I.); and Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (M.T.).
  • Koji Takumi
    Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
  • Satoru Ide
    Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine.
  • Shunsuke Sugawara
    Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Tadashi Watabe
    Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
  • Akihiko Sakata
    Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
  • Masahiro Yanagawa
    Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
  • Keitaro Sofue
    Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
  • Seitaro Oda
    Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan (T.N., N.Y., N.K., Y.N., H.U., M.K., S.O., T.H.).
  • Shinji Naganawa
    Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine.

Keywords

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