EXPRESS: Liquid Biopsy in Breast Cancer Management: From Circulating Biomarkers to Clinical Breakthroughs.

Journal: Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
Published Date: Aug 2, 2025

Abstract

Breast cancer continues to be a major global health concern, particularly for women, despite improvements in early detection and treatment strategies. Traditional tissue biopsies have long been the foundation of diagnosis and treatment planning; however, they come with limitations-such as being invasive, providing only a single snapshot of a dynamic disease, and often missing the evolving molecular landscape, especially in metastatic cases. In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive tool offering real-time insights into tumor biology. By analyzing materials shed by tumors into the bloodstream-like circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and cell-free RNA (cfRNA)-liquid biopsy can reveal changes in tumor burden, treatment response, and the appearance of drug resistance. These advantages make it especially valuable in personalizing care for breast cancer patients across various subtypes, including hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer. This review highlights the components and technological platforms that underpin liquid biopsy, explores its current clinical applications, and discusses future directions, including integration with artificial intelligence and multi-omics analysis. As research advances and clinical evidence grows, liquid biopsy holds the promise of reshaping breast cancer care, making it more precise, timely, and individualized.

Authors

  • Anmar Ghanim Taki
    Department of Radiology Techniques, Health and Medical Techniques College, Alnoor University, Nineveh, Iraq.
  • Abdulkareem Shareef
    Ahl al bayt University, Kerbala, Iraq.
  • Lalji Baldaniya
    Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
  • Rami Oweis
    Department of pharmacy, Modern College of Business and Science, Muscat, Oman.
  • S Renuka Jyothi
    Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
  • Udaybir Singh
    Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
  • Samir Sahoo
    Department of General Medicine, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India.
  • Ashish Singh Chauhan
    Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of research and innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
  • Alisher Khazratov
    Department of Oral Surgery and Dental Implantology, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
  • Hayder Naji Sameer
    Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq.
  • Ahmed Yaseen
    Gilgamesh Ahliya University, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Zainab H Athab
    Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq.
  • Mohaned Adil
    Pharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.

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