Incorporation of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in the Health Stage of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Improves Predictive Ability for Coronary Artery Disease in a Japanese General Population.

Journal: Journal of the American Heart Association
Published Date: Aug 6, 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a recently proposed condition encompassing metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease (CAD). Although concomitant metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) exacerbates CKM syndrome, MASLD is not included in the original stratification (stages 0-3) for predicting cardiovascular disease (stage 4).

Authors

  • Wataru Kawaharata
    Division of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.
  • Marenao Tanaka
    Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
  • Tatsuya Sato
    Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
  • Yukinori Akiyama
    Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Japan.
  • Itaru Hosaka
    Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
  • Hiroki Aida
    Division of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.
  • Rie Matsumori
    Division of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.
  • Kei Nakata
    Division of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.
  • Keitaro Nishizawa
    Division of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.
  • Toru Suzuki
    Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
  • Hidemichi Kouzu
    Division of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.
  • Nagisa Hanawa
    Keijinkai Maruyama Clinic, Sapporo, Japan.
  • Masato Furuhashi
    Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

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