[Evolution of China's clinical guidelines for primary liver cancer: insights into the development of hepatocellular carcinoma management].
Journal:
Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]
Published Date:
Aug 20, 2025
Abstract
Since the publication of China's first national"Clinical Practice Guidelines for Primary Liver Cancer"in 2011,the management of hepatocellular carcinoma has evolved from standardization to individualization,from single-discipline decision-making to multidisciplinary collaboration,and from empirical approaches to evidence-based protocols. This review outlines the progression of China's liver cancer guidelines from 2011 to 2024, focusing on key updates and trends in high-risk population screening,diagnostic assessment,staging systems,local and systemic treatment strategies,perioperative management,treatment response evaluation,and follow-up models. The evolution of these guidelines reflects China's ongoing efforts grounded in changes in disease etiology,therapeutic advancements,and the accumulation of real-world evidence. Notable developments include the establishment of the China liver cancer staging,the first-line recommendation of immune-targeted combination therapies, the integration of multimodal imaging and artificial intelligence,and the expansion of conversion and neoadjuvant treatment strategies. Collectively, these innovations have promoted a more precise, standardized, and globally aligned liver cancer care system. Looking ahead,future guidelines are expected to emphasize intelligent assessment models,liquid biopsy,biomarker-driven therapy,and real-world data integration to further improve early detection and long-term survival outcomes for Chinese patients.
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