Surgeon, Trainee, or GPT? A Blinded Multicentric Study of AI-Augmented Operative Notes.

Journal: The Laryngoscope
Published Date: Aug 20, 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Clear, complete operative documentation is essential for surgical safety, continuity of care, and medico-legal standards. Large language models such as ChatGPT offer promise for automating clinical documentation; however, their performance in operative note generation, particularly in surgical subspecialties, remains underexplored. This study aimed to compare the quality, accuracy, and efficiency of operative notes authored by a surgical resident, attending surgeon, GPT alone, and an attending surgeon using GPT as a writing aid.

Authors

  • Sholem Hack
    St. Georges University London School of Medicine, Program Delivered by University of Nicosia at The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel. sholemhack1@gmail.com.
  • Rebecca Attal
    St. Georges University London School of Medicine, Program Delivered by University of Nicosia, London, UK.
  • Giacomo Locatelli
    Otolaryngology Unit, Santi Paolo E Carlo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
  • Gianluca Scotta
    Department of Otolaryngology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK.
  • Antonino Maniaci
    GOS, Young Otolaryngologists Group of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rome, Italy.
  • Federica Maria Parisi
    Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 78, 95125 Catania, Italy.
  • Nicolien van der Poel
    Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
  • Margot Van Daele
    Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
  • Ainhoa Garcia-Lliberos
    Department of Otolaryngology, Valencia University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
  • Cristina Rodriguez-Prado
    Department of Otolaryngology, Valencia University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
  • Carlos Miguel Chiesa-Estomba
    Osakidetza, Donostia University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, San Sebastian, Spain; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain. Electronic address: chiesaestomba86@gmail.com.
  • Maider Andueza-Guembe
    Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Biodonostia Research Institute, Osakidetza, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.
  • Pollara Cobb
    Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
  • Habib G Zalzal
    Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Children's National Hospital Washington District of Columbia USA.
  • Alberto Maria Saibene
    Study Group of Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.

Keywords

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