AutoMiSeg: Automatic Medical Image Segmentation via Test-Time Adaptation of Foundation Models
Journal:
arXiv
Published Date:
May 23, 2025
Abstract
Medical image segmentation is vital for clinical diagnosis, yet current deep
learning methods often demand extensive expert effort, i.e., either through
annotating large training datasets or providing prompts at inference time for
each new case. This paper introduces a zero-shot and automatic segmentation
pipeline that combines off-the-shelf vision-language and segmentation
foundation models. Given a medical image and a task definition (e.g., "segment
the optic disc in an eye fundus image"), our method uses a grounding model to
generate an initial bounding box, followed by a visual prompt boosting module
that enhance the prompts, which are then processed by a promptable segmentation
model to produce the final mask. To address the challenges of domain gap and
result verification, we introduce a test-time adaptation framework featuring a
set of learnable adaptors that align the medical inputs with foundation model
representations. Its hyperparameters are optimized via Bayesian Optimization,
guided by a proxy validation model without requiring ground-truth labels. Our
pipeline offers an annotation-efficient and scalable solution for zero-shot
medical image segmentation across diverse tasks. Our pipeline is evaluated on
seven diverse medical imaging datasets and shows promising results. By proper
decomposition and test-time adaptation, our fully automatic pipeline performs
competitively with weakly-prompted interactive foundation models.
