Generative AI in Science: Applications, Challenges, and Emerging Questions
Journal:
arXiv
Published Date:
Jul 11, 2025
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)
on scientific practices, conducting a qualitative review of selected literature
to explore its applications, benefits, and challenges. The review draws on the
OpenAlex publication database, using a Boolean search approach to identify
scientific literature related to GenAI (including large language models and
ChatGPT). Thirty-nine highly cited papers and commentaries are reviewed and
qualitatively coded. Results are categorized by GenAI applications in science,
scientific writing, medical practice, and education and training. The analysis
finds that while there is a rapid adoption of GenAI in science and science
practice, its long-term implications remain unclear, with ongoing uncertainties
about its use and governance. The study provides early insights into GenAI's
growing role in science and identifies questions for future research in this
evolving field.
