Molecular Evolution under Macro-Perturbation Barrier and the Fixation Process of Polyploidization

The Neutral Theory in molecular evolution mainly addresses the allele frequency change of individual loci, postulating that the fixation process of a mutant is independent of other loci. For instance, the basic formula of molecular evolution claims that the rate of molecular evolution (λ) is determined by the mutation rate (v), the coefficient of selection (s) and the effective population size (Ne), asserting the basic rule of molecular evolution: λ>v if s>0 (positive selection), λ=v if s=0 (neutrality) or λ