Design and Experimental Validation of a Photocatalyst Recommender Based on a Large Language Model.

Journal: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
Published Date:

Abstract

Utilizing an extensive library of literature on photocatalytic transformations, we disclose the development of a machine learning (ML) model for the recommendation of photocatalysts most suitable for reactions of interest. The model is trained on > 36 000 such literature examples and uses an architecture inspired by the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT) large language model. Under cross-validation, it can suggest the "correct" photocatalysts with ∼90% accuracy. When experimentally tested on five out-of-box reactions, this algorithm consistently suggested photocatalysts that gave yields competitive to those chosen by human researchers and frequently suggested alternative photocatalysts that are potentially more appealing than the originally selected photocatalyst. Altogether, this platform serves as a valuable tool for researchers undertaking reaction optimization programs. The model is free to use at https://photocatals.grzybowskigroup.pl/predict/.

Authors

  • Francis Millward
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Michał Kulczykowski
    Allchemy, Inc., Highland, Indiana, 46322, USA.
  • Jay Badland-Shaw
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Sara Szymkuć
    Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
  • Rajan Suraksha
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Aniket Kumar Srivastawa
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Violaine Manet
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Máire Griffin
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Megan Bryden
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Thomas Comerford
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Lea Hämmerling
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Aminata Mariko
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
  • Bartosz A Grzybowski
    Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. [email protected].
  • Eli Zysman-Colman
    Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.

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