Artificial Intelligence and Radiogenomics for Pediatric CNS Neoplasms.

The 5th edition of the WHO CNS tumor classification (2021) emphasizes molecular alterations, especially in pediatric tumors, integrating histology with molecular profiling for precise diagnosis. Advances like DNA methylation profiling and Next Generation Sequencing have refined tumor subtypes, influencing targeted therapies. Radiogenomics correlates imaging features with genetic profiles, enabling non-invasive tumor characterization, crucial in pediatric cases where biopsies are risky. Artificial intelligence, including machine learning and deep learning, enhances image analysis, segmentation, and prediction of molecular markers, supporting personalized treatment. Despite challenges like data variability and ethical concerns, these technologies promise to revolutionize pediatric neuro-oncology.