Autonomous spiking neural P systems with coupled neurons.

Abstracted from the way spiking neurons transmit and process information, spiking neural P systems (SNP systems) are becoming increasingly popular as the third generation of neural network models. To enhance the applicability and expandability of SNP systems, inspired by the biological mechanisms of cell-autonomous and synchronized neural activities, autonomous spiking neural P systems with coupled neurons (ACSNP systems) are developed. In ACSNP systems, synaptic channels connecting neurons are autonomously modified by applying the internal rules of neurons, including rules for creating/deleting synaptic channels. Additionally, certain groups of coupled neurons whose neural activities are synchronized are defined. To clarify the operational mechanisms of ACSNP systems, an example that systematically generates natural numbers is presented. The computational universality of ACSNP systems is further demonstrated by their capability to simulate the functionality of universal register machines in both number generation and number acceptance. A universal ACSNP system utilizing 55 neurons is also developed to compute function, highlighting its efficiency and advantage compared to other variants of SNP systems. An ACSNP system capable of generating uniform solutions for SAT problems is constructed, demonstrating the practical applicability of ACSNP systems.