Sustainable cultivated meat scaffolds from waste bioresources: pioneering the future of cellular agriculture.

Cultivated meat presents a promising alternative to meet the rising global demand for protein while minimizing environmental impact. However, developing functional scaffolds that provide stable support for cell culture and maintain structural integrity for maintaining a stable production volume of cultivated meat is considered a great challenge. Agricultural and food biowastes, such as crustacean shells, crop residues, and food processing by-products, offer cost-effective and sustainable raw materials important for industrialization of cultivated meat scaffolds. This review integrates recent advancements by examining the entire value chain from raw materials to final products: spanning the properties of bio-waste-derived materials, advanced manufacturing techniques, the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven scaffold design, and the global regulatory frameworks essential for market access. By linking material innovation, intelligent design, and regulatory foresight, this review explores potential solutions to overcome key challenges and accelerate the commercialization of cultivated meat.