Neurodevelopmental disabilities among children and adolescents: perspectives and priorities in low- and middle-income countries.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To synthesize recent evidence on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) among children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and outline practical priorities for services, policy, and research. RECENT FINDINGS: Latest research suggests that NDDs are very common in LMICs. The population estimates of NDDs are 10-20% in children depending on subtype and setting. Yet, the diagnosis and treatment interventions remain inadequate. Current evidence suggests that implementation of targeted strategies for NDDs can be helpful. These include caregiver mediated interventions, task shifting approaches integrating community health workers and inclusive education interventions. There are also promising opportunities available in tele-health and emerging applications of artificial intelligence. But disparities continue to persist due to stigma, limited data, lack of adult diagnostic tools, and weak policy frameworks. SUMMARY: To enhance developmental outcomes, it is important integrate NDD care into existing health and education systems. In current times, this includes ability to utilize artificial intelligence and digital technologies. In addition, it is essential to develop policy frameworks, invest in research, and foster collaboration between various sectors.