What Kind of Other Is AI? Symbolization, Desire, and Adolescent Development in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.
Journal:
Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
Published Date:
Apr 9, 2026
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming a new kind of other in the psychic lives of adolescents. From emotionally responsive chatbots to AI-enhanced learning tools, these systems simulate relational presence while lacking subjectivity, desire, and embodied affect. Drawing on Winnicott and Bion (for containment, transitional space, and symbolization) with a limited Lacanian lens (for lack and the Symbolic), this paper theorizes AI as a "digital other" and examines how its structural features-predictive language, constant availability, and scripted responsiveness-can mimic containment and recognition while bypassing absence, delay, and misattunement that are crucial for psychic growth. The author articulates bounded opportunities (e.g., human-held scaffolding for affect labeling, rehearsal, and access for neurodivergent youth) alongside developmental risks (defensive substitution, "flawless mirroring," premature narrative coherence). A developmental ethics is proposed that preserves symbolic space-silence, ambiguity, frustration-and supports adolescents' navigation of otherness, bodily change, desire, and authorship in an age of algorithmic immediacy. Practice recommendations for clinicians, caregivers, and designers situate AI as a medium for expression rather than a substitute for the desiring other.
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