NeuroAdaptive multi-resolution integration network for decoding cognitive complexity levels in EEG-based pronoun resolution tasks.

Pronoun resolution represents a fundamental language comprehension process that varies in cognitive complexity. Prior studies have identified behavioral and neural differences in pronoun processing, but existing models struggle to address background interference of neural activities, capture responses across multiple brain regions and neurophysiological feature domains, and account for subtle differences of complexity-dependent pronoun resolution mechanisms influenced by individual variability. In this study, we investigate three cognitive complexity levels in pronoun resolution including direct-determined, indirect-determined, and undetermined conditions, using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings from 35 participants. To address these challenges, we developed the NeuroAdaptive Multi-resolution Integration Network (NAMINet) to decode EEG recordings into cognitive complexity conditions. The model employs a spatial encoder to filter background EEG interference by analyzing features across different resolutions and frequency bands. It then uses a dual-domain encoder to capture interactions between statistical and complexity-based EEG features, followed by a fusion module that integrates patterns across frequency, statistical, and complexity domains at each spatial resolution. A context-adaptive training framework ensures robust performance for both individual and cross-participant scenarios. Our results demonstrate distinct neural processing strategies for each complexity level, evidenced by variations in behavioral performance, EEG spectral patterns, and classification accuracies. NAMINet achieved 54.21% (participant-dependent) and 43.59% (cross-participant) classification accuracy, both significantly exceeding chance-level performance. These findings establish the neural substrates of graded cognitive complexity in language processing and provide a computational framework for decoding hierarchical linguistic mechanisms, thus advancing our understanding of brain-language relationships.