[Optical Coherence Tomography - State of the Art, Case Examples and Future Perspectives].

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an essential imaging modality in modern ophthalmology, enabling high-resolution visualization of retinal microstructures. Technological advances such as spectral-domain and swept-source OCT have significantly improved image quality and acquisition speed, establishing OCT as the current state of the art in retinal imaging.A structured approach to OCT interpretation is key and includes assessment of the vitreoretinal interface, intraretinal layers, outer retinal structures such as the ellipsoid zone, and the retinal pigment epithelium. Particular attention should be paid to fluid accumulation and structural alterations.OCT-based biomarkers play an important role in clinical decision-making. Exudative biomarkers, including intraretinal and subretinal fluid, may indicate disease activity, whereas degenerative features such as outer retinal tubulations or atrophic changes (iRORA/cRORA) reflect chronic structural damage.Emerging technologies, including OCT angiography and artificial intelligence-based analysis, further expand the diagnostic and prognostic potential of OCT.